Conclusions and Future Directions
HF is a spectrum of disorders that lead to a single clinical picture. Unfortunately early in the development of effective medication we restricted our attention to only one end of the spectrum, HF-REF, leaving the other conditions lumped together as HF-PEF to go virtually unstudied and untreated for nearly two decades. This lack of evidence for HF-PEF therapies is largely a problem of our own making and we now need to double our efforts to unravel the presentation, pathophysiology and treatment of a condition that remains a major burden and which continues to grow in importance as the population ages.