Conclusion
HF and DM frequently co-exist in a bidirectional relationship as it is proposed by pathophysiological and epidemiological data. At the moment several pathophysiological connections have been proposed but we cannot definitively conclude on the pathophysiological mechanisms precipitating this complex interaction. Both entities are characterised by high morbidity and mortality, and treatment must target the overall improvement as DM treatment can decompensate HF and vice versa. Novel therapeutic agents against diabetic cardiomyopathy are under investigation raising hopes for better management in the future.